Military+&+Warfare

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__**Equipment & Clothing Used: **__
====Each Roman Soldier was given a uniform (all standard), and basic offensive and defensive weapons. The three defensive tools were the breastplate (Lorica), helmet (Galea), and the most important was the shield (Scutum). The Lorica was built to withstand frontal attack. The Galea was made to prevent crushing blows to the head and face. And last but not least, the Scutum was used to protect a soldier. The offensive tools were the javelins, also known as spears, and these were made to bend when inside an enemy so they couldn't be used again. The second offensive tool was the Gladius, or a short sword, and was was used for close attacks. The uniforms consisted of a Tunica with something like a jacket, and Caligae (very heavy boots for marching). ==== ====

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**__A Soldier's Life In the Military: __**
====In the Roman military a soldier was given their rations every 15 days. This included half a bushel of grain (Frumenti). They used this to prepare foods like bread and porridge.The soldiers were reconmended to eat cheese, olive oil, and honey whenever they could. The soldiers pay was only 45 dollars a year, but the "spoils of war" gave them land and valuables. Also, with most generals in charge of higher ranks would make more money. Caesar was the first to distribute the spoils of war evenly among all the officers and soldiers. ====

__**Marching: **__
====The Roman soldiers would march 25 miles a day carrying over 50 pounds on their backs. Fast moving groups like scouts were called Expeditus because they carried less, therefore moving faster. The army marched in a box structure. The strongest legions would march in the center (the Agmen), and the weakest soldiers marched in the back. They were like padding in case of a surprise attack. ==== ====

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**__Roman Battle Techniques__: **
====These Battle formations were vital to the Roman Army's success. If even one link was missing, the whole chain would fall apart. The Romans created these techniques to avoid confusion during battle. The most common battle formation was the Triplex Acies, which included three parts. The strongest line of defense was called the Acies Prima. This part had four cohorts. Then there was the Acies Secunda. This had three cohorts, and their purpose was to fill the holes of the first line whenever there were gaps. And the third part was named the Acies Tertia, it was the weak set of soldiers. The three cohorts protected against flanking, and sometimes helped fight when the second line needed extra men. ==== ====The signals the Romans used in battle were the Cornu, the Tuba, the Bucina, and the Lituus. The Cornu was a horn that had a deep and loud sound that was blown for basic formations. The Tuba was similar to the trumpet we use today, and it gave precise battle commands. The Bucina was like a bugle, it told the soldiers when lunch breaks were happening and even signaled preliminary formations. And lastly, the Lituus was used to signal the cavalry. ==== ====

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__**Roman Camps: **__
====The romans even had a technigue for the soldiers camps. They used this as a detailed strategy used to prevent surprise attacks. The Roman camps looked just like a Roman city, except the next day it would be gone! The Roman camp was built in around 6 hours, and was shaped like a square. The first step was to construct the walls (aggers). They also dug ditches (fossa's) around the city. This made it hard for the enemies, and usually slowed them down. There were entrances at each mid-point of the city's sides. The camp was connected by roads which were built as staight as possible. All the soldiers slept in canterbernium (tents) that could hold up to eight men at a time. The generals tent was called the Praetorium, and was always located in the center of the camp. Right outside the generals tent was a flagpole that could signal battle. Also in the center were the merchants tents (Taburnaculae). ==== ====

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Made by Sam Hines & Christina Muse

Sources used for information: []