Military+&+Warfare+2

Adam Legg and Cullen O'Connormedia type="youtube" key="yhnWyRvC1dU" height="390" width="480"

The Roman military went trough many reforms throughout the history of Rome. The reforms usually made drastic changes to the structure of the military and how it was organized, as well as what people could be in the military. Each period of Roman history can be divided by the reforms of it's military. There was the early Roman army, the manipular or Republic army, and the Marian reform which became the Imperial army.
 * History of Roman M ** **ilitary**

__ Early Republic Military __ The Roman military started out small. In the beginning there were three classes of soldiers. The first class was the wealthy. They were the most heavily armed and armored. This class carried a spear, sword and had bronze armour. The second class had less armour and weaponry that was not as good as the first class. The third class was only armed with slingshots. Also, some soldiers were trained in the Greek phalanx formation where many men with long spears formed tightly together and made almost a wall of spears. During this time there was no permanent army. Whenever Rome was at war it would call a levy, or a draft, and recruit citizens to serve in the military. The men who were called to battle had to purchase their own weapons and armor, if they couldn't they were given low quality weapons and were usually killed in battle.



__ Mid-Republic Military __ Later, during the Roman Mid-Republic, the Roman army was reformed into the manipular army. At this time there were restrictions put in place on who could and couldn't join the military. For example, soldiers had to own a specific value of land, had to be of a certain social class, and needed to be able to afford their own equipment. If a lower class citizen was drafted, they would either become oarsmen in the navy or velites which were low class soldiers. Since there were many flaws in the first military system since the men were usually arranged in a large mass they changed it to a system where there consisted of three main lines of infantry; Hastati were light infantry that were the least experienced soldiers and were in the first line, Principes were heavy infantry and consisted of middle aged and experienced soldiers who were the second line, Triarii were the most experienced infantry and were in the third line, they were only used in battle in times of desperation since the battle was usually won before they were needed. Behind the Triarii were the velites which were untrained soldiers who had low quality weapons.

__ Imperial Military __ At 107 B.C. a man named Gaius Marius imposed many drastic reforms to the Roman military known as the Marian reforms. These reforms changed the Roman army from a somewhat unorganized group, into what is commonly thought of as the Roman army today. The reforms made it so any Roman citizen, regardless of class or wealth, could join the military. It also made the military a profession where the soldiers were payed and trained year round, unlike previous systems where they trained in times of war. The reforms also organized the army into legions. Each legion consisted of around 5,200 men plus servants and other non combat people. A legion consisted of ten cohorts, each lead by an officer. Each cohort consisted of six centuries, except for the first cohort which had twelve centuries. Each century had 80 soldiers lead by a centurion. Because of the power each legion had, they were not allowed to leave their regions with their general. When Julius Caesar broke this rule by crossing the Rubicon it started a civil war. Later this system was changed slightly to further adapt. Some changes included allowing conquered people to serve in the military and increasing the size of the legions. However, the general system survived to the end of the Roman empire, and even when the eastern and western empire split and it became the Byzantine Empire.

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